| Novice I learners of a second language lack the second language vocabulary and language structures necessary to address writing tasks meaningfully. | Novice II learners of a second language have enough second language vocabulary and language structures to address writing tasks in a limited way. | Intermediate learners of a second language have enough second language vocabulary and command of language structures to address writing tasks, although second language support is needed. |
Students:
Have little to no ability to use the second language to express ideas in writing and engage meaningfully in writing assignments.
Lack the second language skills necessary to develop or demonstrate elements of writing in the second language.
Have the ability to label, list, or copy.
Write high-frequency words/phrases and short, simple sentences based primarily on recently practiced, memorized, or highly familiar material.
Present tense used primarily | Students:
Have a limited ability to use the second language to express ideas in writing and engage meaningfully in writing assignments.
Communicate best when topics are highly familiar and concrete, and require simple, high frequency vocabulary.
Gain control of present tense and begin to use past and future tenses. | Students:
Have the increasing ability to use the second language to express ideas in writing and engage meaningfully in writing assignments.
Communicate in a variety of topics.
Expands usage of present, past, and future tenses. |